Cream Seperation Free Essays

Partition of cream from full cream milk utilizing the Disk-Bowl Centrifuge. Presentation:- Cream is generally a dairy item containing high fat percent, which can be seen gliding on the top before the homogenization procedure. At the point when the milk is unhomogenized, extra time, the fat lighter in weight ascends to the top. We will compose a custom exposition test on Cream Seperation or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now The procedure in the businesses is totally unique as they use rotators, regularly called as separators to quicken the creaming procedure. Cost of cream absolutely relies on its fat substance. Cream as a rule delivered by the animals touching procedure on characteristic fields ordinarily contains some measure of normal carotenoid shades obtained from plant materials they devour; because of which the cream seems somewhat yellowish in shading. Cream got from the milk of domesticated animals took care of inside is generally white in shading as they regularly are grain based pellets. There is a recipe for deciding the pace of sedimentation, broadly known as Stokes’ law. It expresses that a molecule traveling through thick fluid accomplishes a consistent speed or sedimentation rate. Condition for Stokes’ law Vg = d2 (Pp-P1)/18  µ ? G Where:- Vg = Sedimentation Velocity d2 = molecule Diameter Pp = Particle thickness P1 = Liquid thickness G = gravitational increasing speed  µ = consistency of fluid Aims:- 1. To isolate cream from full cream milk at two speed settings of the circle bowl axis. 2. To assess tactile properties of the cream and skimmed milk. 3. To decide the throughput of the axis. Materials and Equipments:- Disk-bowl rotator 1 Liter and 400 ml recepticles Liter estimating chamber Sample cups â€transparent 2 Liters full cream milk Large Plastic dishes Pans Stopwatch Digital Thermometer Method:- 1. Two bunches of 1 liter of full cream milk was warmed at 37 degree C. 2. 1 liter recepticle was set underneath the lower, overwhelming stage, spout of the axis. This typically was the point from where the skim milk exits. Directly after then the 400 ml measuring utencil was set underneath the upper, light stage, spout of the rotator which generally was the leave point for the cream. 3. Before doing the following stage, it was guaranteed that the tap of the milk accepting repository at the highest point of the axis was in a shut position ie. Directing N toward S 4. Warmed milk gauging 1 liter was then embedded into the store. . The engine was turned on when milk was embedded and was determined to the most minimal speed setting by changing the speed setting handle. 6. As the engine speed was consistent, the tap of the supply containing milk was then discharged and the stopwatch was begun. 7. Bits at light and substantial fluid stages were then gathered from the applicable spouts, cream and skimmed milk individually. 8. The stopwatch was turned off when the milk store was unfilled and the time taken was noted. 9. The engine of the rotator was permitted to run till the progression of skimmed milk and cream was stopped. 10. The bits of skimmed milk and cream got through their relative stages were then estimated and afterward the yield was determined. 11. The throughput of the material was then decided in liters every hour at its individual speed setting. 12. The stages 2 to 12 were continued utilizing second bunch of warmed milk, with the main distinction being the time setting. The entire procedure was done by working the engine on the most elevated speed setting. 13. The above procedure was trailed by putting the enormous bowl underneath the spouts and by flushing the axis utilizing cold water just to clear the washings in the rotator. 4. Directly after the procedure the entire hardware was disassembled including the repositories spouts, gathering channel and so on. The parts were then washed utilizing boiling water with somewhat cleanser. 15. The cream and skimmed milk from each speed setting (I. e. Fast setting and low speed setting) were then exposed to tactile properties assessment. * Result:- * c oming up next were the outcomes acquired :- 1. The outcomes for 0. 1 % skimmed milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 00. 07% * And the outcomes for same item at fast setting were * Fat:- 00. 03% * 2. The outcomes for 2 % semi skimmed milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 1. 60 % * The outcomes for 2 % semi skimmed milk at rapid setting were * Fat:- 1. 64% * 3. The outcomes for 4% Whole milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 6. 56% * The outcomes for 4% Whole milk at High speed setting were * Fat:- 7. 25% * Discussion:- * 1. Standards of the activity of Disk-bowl Centrifuge. * Brennan (2006) states that the Disk bowl rotator deals with the standard of molecule thickness. Feed is presented through the base of the bowl. As it accompanies the contact of the radial power, the thick stage moves drawback while the lighter stage goes through the top spout. * 2. Various Categories of cream accessible to the customer and their lawful least fat substance? * Sheila (2006) referenced in an article that classes of cream accessible are * Single cream †18 % least fat substance * Double cream †48% least fat substance * Half cream †12% least fat substance * Whipping Cream †35% least fat substance * Creme fraiche †30% least fat substance * Soured cream †18% least fat substance * Clotted cream †55% least fat substance. 3. Classifications of cream delivered in the Practical? * Type of cream delivered in the viable was single cream * 4. Motivation behind Cream screw? * The thickness of the cream can be balanced by the assistance of the cream screw. Cream screw assists with catching the cream and causes the cream to let out. * 5. For what reason is the milk warmed first? * De (1991) c larified that, higher the temperature and degree during unsettling the more noteworthy is the loss of skimmed milk and the other way around. At the point when the milk is warmed and fomented, the disturbance procedure causes size decrease of greater fat globules into littler ones. Because of which they get away from the impact of radial power, prompting rejection of fat misfortune in the skimmed milk. To lessen creaming. * Conclusion:- * Cream was effectively isolated from the milk utilizing Disk bowl axis. The cream was additionally tried for its tactile properties, and the tangible properties of the cream were seen as engaging. * References:- * J. G. Brennan (2006). â€Å"Food Processing Handbook†. Wiley-Vch. * Sheila (2006). â€Å"Cream Final Edition†. The Times, London, UK. * Sukumar De (1991). â€Å"Outlines of Dairy Technology†. Oxford University Press. Step by step instructions to refer to Cream Seperation, Essay models

Mans Relationship to the Land in John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath Essa

  â â â â Man's relationship to the land experiences a change all through John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath. At first, back in Oklahoma, every family feels a solid connection to the land in light of the fact that the predecessors of these ranchers battled and got the Indians out of the land, made it appropriate for cultivating, and worked a seemingly endless amount of time after year in the fields with the goal that every age would be accommodated. Going down the land to progressive ages, the ranchers come to understand that the land is all that they own. It is their family's wellspring of food. Be that as it may, the solid bond among man and the land is broken when the bank comes to empty the inhabitants during tough situations.  The tractors recruited by the bank truly tear down the bond among man and the land. Because of the ousting, the ranchers are compelled to move to California, where work is as far as anyone knows sought after. As every family takes off for California, it no longer feels an association with the terrains through which it is voyaging. When it arrives at California, it feels no association with its property. Just because, it is compelled to be reliant on another person's liberality in circulating employments, and in particular, another person's property. Subsequently, in California, the connection among man and land isn't as solid as it was in Arkansas and Oklahoma. The adjustment in this relationship is expected to some extent to the mercilessness of the bank, and at long last, man loses on the grounds that its association with the main huge thing it has possessed is gone. When the families travel to California, every relative's spirit remains back in Oklahoma, making it hard to confo rm to dealing with lands that have not been developed by their own family for ages.  The place where there is each generatio... ...work, yet rather, little is offered, in view of the numbers that they are coming in. At last, one must infer that regardless of how poor a family might be, without land, everything is lost in quest for a substitution of the legacy that has been demolished by an unrivaled force. Works Cited and Consulted: Conder, John J. Steinbeck and Nature's Self: The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 125-140. French, Warren. John Steinbeck. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1975. Levant, Howard. The Fully Matured Art: The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 35-62. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books, 1978. Wallsten, Robert and Steinbeck, Elaine. Steinbeck: A Life in Letters. New York: The Viking Press, 1975.

Information Security Management Of A4A Company †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Information Security Management Of A4A Company. Answer: The system security is a vital piece of the business association in the ongoing scene. This has become a difficult issue in the business world. Numerous business associations are experiencing the digital assaults on the planet. The A4A Company is a NGO, which is additionally enduring with the digital assaults and focusing on the system security of the organization. This report centers around the difficulties looked by the A4A Company in the market identified with the system security. The utilization of the WLAN has been engaged in the report. The utilization of the various speculations and models have helped in legitimizing the system security in association. This report plots the crucial issues of the A4A Company in the market identified with the digital issues. The job of the system director and framework the executives has been appeared in the report. A legitimate avocation of all the answer for the difficulties in the organization has been portrayed appropriately. Supposition A few suppositions are made in the ISSP of the A4A Company. It is acknowledged that association have a huge client base in different pieces of world. The financing firm if the NGO has helped in offering social types of assistance to society. The utilization of the web for the individual use is denied in association and is taken as infringement of terms and conditions whenever occurred. Association give authentic remuneration to illustrative of association those helpers in keeping up the laborer commitment in association. As such, these speculations helped in setting up the ISSP of A4A Company. Explanation of Policy The A4A Company have helped in giving security strategy. This NGO has introduced its IT space in advertise a year prior. The security of data and information of the clients of association in showcase (Acharya 2014). The NGO teaches the understudies by helping on a fundamental level examine paper and making instructive modules models. Digital security division of association screens the activities over the framework server ensuring the security of the data and information over the framework. The plan joins endorsement to the customers took on the A4A association entryway. As remarked by Bauer and Bernroider (2017), the endorsed are portrayed as the individual having real approval to control the web framework and organizations gave by the A4A association in the market. These affirmed customers join the delegate and other startling workers in association. The accomplices are furthermore joined into this affirmed summary for using the A4A passage and web arrange framework (Liang 2016). T he methodology explains the norms and controls realized by the endorsed customers for the benefit of organization and access the organizations of the NGO in showcase. The WLAN presented in association mastermind is guaranteed with prosperity shows that help with making sure about the data and information traded over the arrangement of association. The database of association is controlled and guaranteed with help of security shows presented in the framework. It explanation fuses execution of advanced rules and controls with respect to the genuine use of the arrangement of the A4A benefits in the premises. Approved Users The partners incorporates the delegate and clients of association use the organizations of association. Just the enrolled customers get the opportunity to passageway and arrangement of the A4A Company. The outcast hasty isn't allowed in section of the A4A Company (Ryan 2013). The compact workstations are allowed to used as a piece of the framework available on WLAN organizations of association. The WLAN is related with the wired framework to ensure security of data and information over framework. These associates in making sure about use section of association. As referenced by Pegoraro, Scott and Burch (2017), the affirmed customer of association have the customer login confirmations including User Id and passwords that help with giving a secured route to the customers to use their profile. The endorsed customers make their profile in the section of association and can impart their requests to regard to the essential (Berger 2014). The clients over 10 years of age are allowed to get to the passageway and arrangement of association. There are 10 delegates in association and are endorsed to use the passage of association. The game plan consolidates endorsement to the customers joined up with the A4A association entrance. These endorsed customers fuse the delegate and other sudden workers in association. Unapproved Users These untouchable unauthentic customers are not allowed to get to the portal of association (Sommestad et al. 2014). The IT security shows don't empower these kind of customers to get to the site of association and solicitation their organizations. The understudies and various clients need to sign in to their individual records for the passage. The precluded clients are not permitted to play out any exercises in the gateway of the organization over the web. This has helped in keeping up the security of information and data in the organization. As remarked by Burns et al. (2017), the private data of the workers and clients are saved secure and inaccessible for the unapproved clients. Thusly, other than the affirmed customers, all are unapproved to use the entryway of association. Whatever is left of the customers are seen as unapproved and limited from getting to the site (Safa, Von Solms and Furnell 2016). The hotspot of association has been truly guaranteed with the watchword to suc h a degree, that server is made sure about shape the software engineers and unapproved customers. Framework the executives The System Administrator keeps up organization of whole plan of Internet in association. Control passageways centers by framework chief to ensure genuine security to framework (Wall, Palvia and Lowry 2013). The administration consolidates encryption of the data and information traded over framework those helpers in updating the security of the framework. There are distinctive security shows kept up by the framework executive for ensuring firewalls of server of association. As recommended by Alassafi et al. (2017), the course of action fuses endorsement to the customers took a crack at the A4A association entryway. The endorsed are described as the individual having genuine approval to control web framework and organizations gave by the A4A association in the market. The structure overseer helps in keeping up end to-end customer system to review the issues on server and assurance flexibility in the passage of association (Yazdanmehr and Wang 2016). The framework chairman that cases ab out convenience of association has truly kept up the security course of action of association. As recommended by Singh and Joshi (2017), the clients of association need to experience firewall of server to request the door for an organization. This ensures a full security to the server of association from the intruders. The framework official is responsible for portraying the encryption and check of the requirements of the client and approves customers of association (Borena and Blanger 2013). The remote media of the framework is fittingly encapsulated the security key for ensuring security to the data and information. Diverse WLAN security programs are presented in firewalls of server of association. The versatile workstations and work areas are allowed to be used as a piece of the framework available on WLAN organizations of association. These associates in making sure about the use of the passage of association. The framework interface card is kept up by the framework overseer to ensure suitable course of action of the remote framework in the server (Hsu et al. 2015). The copyright of server and arrangement of association is held under authentic idea. The WLAN is related with the wired framework to ensure the security of the data and information over the framework. Infringement of arrangement For a circumstance of wrong use of the legitimate terms of association by the affirmed customers, there is a game plan of order as per the exhibit. Association holds the benefit of terminating any delegate found obligated of ignoring the real terms and condition of association as indicated by the rules (Cram, Proudfoot and D'Arcy 2017). Association can suspend any agent taking into account an unlawful show of the laborer or any accomplices of association. There is a game plan of giving the notification shockingly aggressors in association and notice to singular record of the violator. All of reports of affirmation of terms and conditions are perceived to specific report manager of office (Bansal and Shin 2016). Ten agents in association are completing rules and control of association for headway of association in showcase. The Security division deal with infringement in standards and bearings of association over Internet. The endorsed are described as the individual having real appro val to control the web framework and organizations gave by the A4A association in the market. The system director helps in keeping up the end to-end customer methodology to review the issues on the server and assurance flexibility in the gateway of association (Crossler et al. 2013). Various guidelines are given to the endorsed customers of association for keeping up the legal measures of association. The Internet security part of association screens the exercises over system server guaranteeing security of information and data over structure. The utilization of web for singular use is denied in association and is taken as the infringement of terms whenever occurred. The structure supervisor can

Misconception of the Generation Gap - Literature Essay Samples

Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, is set in Nigeria; the novel examines the clash between traditional African culture, and western ideals by the Igbo tribe, through the protagonist, Okonkwo. Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel, Purple Hibiscus, is a story about a teenage girl, Kambili, which focuses on family relationships and cultural ethics. Moroccan author Laila Lalami’s novel, Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits, examines the life of four Moroccans who are fleeing Morocco to Spain in search of greener pastures. Things Fall Apart, Purple Hibiscus, and Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits, portray that defiance within children to their parents’ beliefs is attributed by generation gap in families, between parent and child, and it is influenced by imperialism, and the society, as the children attain their socio-cultural identity and it causes scramble between the parent and child relationship. Imperialists â€Å"submerged and dismantled indigenous institutions and, in its place, a foreign rule was established. Traditional institutions before then were regarded as not only political authorities but also custodians of cultures† (Arowolo 7). The clash between the Western, and African ideals of African citizens created by Western Colonialism in Africa resulted to a generational gap within families. In Things Fall Apart, Western imperialism affects the family of Okonkwo, especially his relationship with his eldest son, Nwoye. Nwoye is raised in the village of Umuofia through the Igbo culture. The igbo culture consists of its own religion that is intricate and has a number of gods. When colonialist came to colonize the Igbo tribe, they brought with them a new culture. â€Å"We have brought a peaceful administration to you and your people so that you may be happy. If any man ill-treats you we shall come to your rescue. But we will not allow you to ill-treat others. We have a court of law where we judge cases and administer justice as it is done in my own country under a great queen†¦that must not happen in the domination of our queen, the most powerful ruler in the world† (Achebe 137). The new culture is brought in place of already existing Igbo culture. The colonialist culture consisted of Christianity because they arrived to the village as missionaries and they forced Christianity upon the villagers and they are able to intrigue most of the villagers into joining their culture by defying the Igbo cultural beliefs. At this time that colonialists are forcing vil lagers to take up Christianity, Nwoye is in the midst of attaining his own socio-cultural identity. Children are usually vulnerable at this stage of attaining their own socio-cultural identity as Amara Uzoigwe asserts that, â€Å"in an attempt to realize themselves, youths are affected and influenced by the social environment and the social structure in which they live† (4). Nwoye is not fond of his father’s cultural beliefs because he differs with some of their beliefs such as throwing away twins, which came about during his childhood, when one day he heard a pair of twins crying in the evil forest and that disturbed him because he couldn’t understand the cultural belief. He abandons his family’s belief and joins the Western ideals because the church allows twins, and they answered a lot of questions about religion that he was grasping since childhood. On the other side, Okonkwo disapproves of the white man’s belief and retains the traditional cul tural beliefs. The difference of beliefs between Okonkwo and Nwoye causes disunity between their relationship. Okonkwo is aggregated by Nwoye’s actions and he exiles Nwoye, which is ironic because he is also in exile from the village of Umuofia. One of his friends â€Å"Obierika went to Mbanta to see† him, â€Å"he found that Okonkwo did not wish to speak about Nwoye, it was only from Nwoyes mother that he heard scraps of the story† (Achebe, 144). Despite, their connection by blood their relationship is weakened and both of them did not want to be associated with each other. After Nwoye becomes rebellious to his father’s beliefs and he is exiled, he prepares to go to missionary school in Umuru. The introduction of a new culture by the colonists causes a generational gap between Okonkwo and Nwoye, which results in the two on different ends of the spectrum of beliefs. Also in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus, the effect of imperialism on the unity of the family is portrayed. Kambili’s father, Eugene, is a catholic who defied his own father’s beliefs because he believes in the traditional cultural beliefs. Imperialism affects Eugene and his father’s relationship by causing a generational gap. Eugene is educated by the missionaries and he copies from the missionaries how to do things the right way, the way the white people did, not what our people do now!† (Adichie, 68). The missionaries lure him into the western ideals and away from his father’s beliefs. The opposing of ideals between Eugene and his father cause Eugene to become rebellious to his father and renounces him. He strongly defies his father that he later on denies his children a relationship with their grandfather because of the difference in beliefs. Culture is â€Å"conceived of as the collectivity of human activities and general principles that tend to guide ideas of a group of people with shared traditions , which are passed on, instilled into generation and reinvigorated by members of the group† (Aworolo 4). Culture is an important aspect on the unity of a family which is influenced by the society and when intrigued on the grounds of beliefs, religion, and customs, it brings disunity in a family. Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus takes place during post-colonial Nigeria, and the reader is introduced to a fifteen year old Kambili whose family and country are falling apart. The relationship between Eugene and Kambili’s brother, Jaja, is deteriorating because of cultural gap. â€Å"Things started to fall apart at home when my brother, Jaja, did not go to communion and Papa flung his heavy missal across the room and broke the figurines on the à ©tagà ¨re† (Adichie 3). Jaja decides to defy his father, who is a strict, religious man, on the aspects of religion. His father expects his son to follow as per his religious beliefs but they are combacted by a cultural gap. The current society does not respect religion as it was during Eugene’s teenage. Jaja is influenced by the new culture in the society and that causes him to defy against his father because the new culture was not parallel with his father’s beliefs. The influence of society on parents and child relationship is portrayed in Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits through Noura’s relationship with her parents. Noura and her father, Larbi, have an extraordinary parent and child relationship because they attain the same beliefs and they don’t attain a cultural gap. Their relationship takes a turn for the worst when Noura becomes friends with Faten, and she is exposed to a different culture within her society. Faten is a religious woman, who covers her hair with a head scarf, and as the relationship grew with Noura she â€Å"becomes a regular visitor in Larbi’s home† (Lalami, 25). As Noura spent a lot of time with Faten, she picks up Faten’s religious culture. Noura’s parents have a liberal culture which differs to Faten’s culture and her father discourages her of Faten once he notes Noura drifting away from his culture. After Noura spending a lot of time with Faten, she shocks her parents w ith her news of she has â€Å"decided to start wearing the hijab† (Lalami 32). The company of Faten who has different cultural beliefs as her made her decide on wearing the hijab because she was being exposed to that kind of culture and as Timyan argues, â€Å"the daily routine of a child takes place in a social setting peopled by members of the community. It is in recurrent interaction with these people that the child learns appropriate social behavior, that he discovers the need for and has the opportunity to practice certain behaviors† (7). Lardi does not approve of the hijab because he thinks of it as a â€Å"peasants† dress and as â€Å"the accoutrements of the new breed of Muslim Brothers† (Lalami, 34). Noura’s parents had taken up the western ideals along with Noura but the relationship changed whenever Faten is introduced to Noura’s life and she adopts the old school religious beliefs that her parents had abandoned. The clash between the two ideals resulted to Noura becoming a rebel to her father’s beliefs. Culture inflicted by the society influences children as they form their socio-cultural identity. When children pick up different beliefs as their parents it causes friction between their relationship. Analyzing the effect of parents and society on children’s defiance, Uzoigwe argues that children â€Å"dependence on the adult and the larger society for the realization of self however, laid bare the need for both the adult and the society to live by example and up to the standard norms and values of the society† (3). Before colonization was infested in Africa, the society and the people played a role in the relationship of parent and child. Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart portrays the relationship that Okonkwo had with his father, Unoka, before he died. During that time period in the village of Umuofia, the villagers followed the cultural beliefs pertaining social class. A man was considered rich and strong by the titles he held in the village, the number of yams and wives and, his boldness. â€Å"In his day he was lazy and improvident and was quite incapable of thinking about tomorrow† (Achebe 4). Unoka was considered weak because he was lazy and did not at tain yams or titles, and owed many debts. Unoka’s character and the cultural beliefs affected Okonkwo on how he formed his socio-cultural identity because those were the things that surrounded him at the time. â€Å"Okonkwo did not have the start in life which many young men usually had† (Achebe 16). Okonkwo resulted in different beliefs as his father because his father’s beliefs because his father had left nothing for him to posses he needed to do better so as to make a good reputation for his family. â€Å"His fame rested on personal achievements. As a young man of eighteen he had brought honor to his village by throwing Amalinze the CatOkonkwo was as slippery as a fish in water† (Achebe 1). Okonkwo became a hardworking and ambitious man through wrestling, in fear of ever ending up like his father. The society and its citizens have an effect on the formation of children’s socio-cultural identity. African families and portray the negative effects that religion brought into families and created a clash between parents and children morals that resulted to a dysfunctional family. The clash was brought upon by the western colonization in which it brought in new cultural beliefs. Now the people had two cultural beliefs they could and had to decide upon which of the sides to lean on, African, or the western ideals. The result of the decision affected the relationship between the parents and the children whenever they adopted opposite beliefs which is reflected in the three novels. The generational gap also caused by the different ideals between the parent and child causes scrambles between their relationship and leads children in becoming rebellious to their parents’ beliefs. Work Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York: Anchor, 1994. Print.n. Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi. Purple Hibiscus: A Novel. Chapel Hill: Alqonquin of Chapel Hill, 2003. Print. Arowolo, Dare. The Effects of Western Civilisation and Culture on Africa. Afro Asian Journal Of Social Sciences 1.1 (2010): n. pg. Web. 12 May 2016. Lalami, Laila. Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits. Chapel Hill, NC: Alqunquin of Chapel Hill, 2005. Print. Timyan, Judith. Cultural Aspects of Psychosocial Development: an Examination of West African childrearing practices. N.p., 22 Jan. 1988. Web. 12 May 2016. Uzoigwe, Amara M.. â€Å" Towards Inculcating Morality among the Youths in Nigeria: The Holy Family Youth Village Example†. African Journal Online 14.1 (2013): n. pg. Web. 29 Apr. 2016.

Religious Education - 1705 Words

Religious Education Essay – Is basing religion on morality a good idea? Is basing religion on morality a good idea? Many people agree although some atheists may disagree. One common complaint about secularism is that religion and belief in God are fundamentals for morality, justice, and a democratic society. The basic premise here is that the only values which ultimately matter are those which are transcendent, and such values can only be perceived and understood through religious tradition and a connection with the divine. It is strange that such a belief would be as common as it is, because religions and various types of theism have had literally thousands of years during which they could demonstrate that they could provide the†¦show more content†¦This would be seen as inconsistent and simply applying the principles of no.1 on a wider scale. For those who consider to be flawed, it is God who establishes the foundations of morality. For people of faith the external moral code is based on sacred texts such as the Bible or Qur an; ideally, these moral codes are reflected in secular laws. Some religious groups (e.g. Catholics and Orthodox) sup plement this external code with an internal moral one based on Natural Law; this moral guide is written in the heart of every human being and includes such things as the sanctity of life and the inclination towards fairness, goodness and cooperation. For the person of faith, it is not enough to consider the wishes of the individual, important though he or she undoubtedly may be; nor is it sufficient to consider the goal of a harmonious and stable society. For believers the underlying basis for morality is that all human beings are made in the Divine image and likeness; thus all are intimately connected. This is why Christ was able to say Whatsoever you do to the least of my brothers and sisters you do to me. (Matthew 25:40) and John states Let us love one another since love is from God, and everyone who love is a child of God and knows God. (I John4:7) Thus, for the person of faith, although it is quite possible to be a morally good person without explicitly acknowledging God, that Show MoreRelatedChristian Religious Education : A Book Based Out1593 Words   |  7 PagesThrough reading Christian Religious Education I discovered many things, some of them are simple easy things while others have a bigger impact. First of all, I recommend not trying to read this book all in one sitting, it is too deep and intense to read that way. However, if you read the book based out, as recommended by Leslie Long then the book was fine. Yet, whichever way you read the book the same general message will get across. 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Participants were drawn from the Federal College of Education Zaria and College of Education, Gidan Waya in KadunaRead MoreThe Religious Education ( Re ) Grades 1-8 Policy Document765 Words   |  4 Pages The Religious Education (RE) grades 1-8 policy document highlights and provides opportunity for students to become familiar with their Religion. Within section 1.3 of the document, the Evangelization, culture and the Catholic school addresses all students, the believers, searchers and non-believers. Therefore a summary of this section of the RE is the role of Catholic school is to renewal the faith within all of the community. 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There are varieties of religions and festivals that are held around world each year; there are many reasons for holding a festival: * The birth or death of a founder or leader. * The end of a fast or some other important religious occasion. * A particularly important event in the history of the religion. * An important season of the year. Some things that are common among festivals are giving and receiving presents, eating of special food and drink, wearing of specialRead MoreReligious Education Sba1510 Words   |  7 Pagesprobably in preparation for the Jewish Passover feast later in the week. He also went to teach, and during this week he spoke many parables, the Lords Prayer, and a number of key teachings for His followers. Easter marks the most important religious celebration of the Christian faith. Members celebrate this festival because it commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ, which his followers believe occurred on the third day after his death. 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Essay about Bolshevik Consolidation of Power 19-17-1924

From the initial seizure of power in 1917 until 1924, the Bolsheviks were confronted with a series of crises that threatened their ability to control and govern in Russia. The response and resolutions to these crises included Initial Reforms, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Civil War, Red terror, War Communism and the NEP. Under the leadership of Lenin, the execution of these responses were made possible and the Bolsheviks were able to maintain and expand their power. The Civil War however was the direct consequence of the Bolshevik’s actions as they tried to maintain their grasp on power. The victory in the Civil War was extremely pivotal for the Bolshevik consolidation of power as it brought control and power but more importantly it eliminated†¦show more content†¦The Civil war was devastating for Russia economically and socially, the Bolsheviks consolidated their power and there was no more military threat from their opposition. The Civil war was vital to the consolidation of power however it was only possible through the execution of War communism. War communism was an economic policy the Bolsheviks had created to meet the demands of war from 1918-1921. It forced manpower to either be directed to the Red Army or to the industry. It also confiscated all grain and food and allocated it to where it would be most productivity towards the war effort. The implementation of War Communism enabled the Red Army to be supplied with both food and weaponry and industrial workers to be fed. This was effective in allowing the Bolsheviks to maintain and effectively fight the civil war without the lack raw materials. David Christian believes that War Communism was essential as it ‘supplied towns and armies with enough food and supplies to keep providing war material to keep fighting’. Although War communism was effective towards the war effort it also significantly damaged the economy. The economy of Russia was shattered, there was a food shortage, fuel shortage and money had absolutely no value. The rouble was only worth 1% of its value in 1918, 10million died of starvation and agricultural output was 60% of pre war levels. War Communism enabled the logistics of war to be met which enabled the victory howeverShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdetermining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict.

Leadership free essay sample

Examines need for ownership management to focus on leadership concepts in order to influence the direction of the organization. (more) Leadership free essay sample Parson identify as obstacles to growing Linear Systems in the mid-nineties; and what kinds of change strategies did he develop at Linear Systems? 1 ) According to the case, I think there are two main problems as obstacles to growing Linear Systems in the mid-nineties. One of the problems is the law enforcement agencies would not like using digital technology to generate data. Because they think it was easy to alter or multiply the data.This risk will threatened a departments credibility and potentially expose It to liability, especially It will damage o film-generated photographs, videocassettes or CDC. The other one Is the dealt technology was easy to become commoditized and customers would not to pay for support and service the Linear Systems which provided by Parsons company. When the digital photography accept the Liner as a new technology. At the same time, customers also respect this new equipment as well as use of this equipment. First, at the most basic level, meta-analysis allows us to estimate the more precise magnitude of the relationship between transformational leadership and follower individual performance than any of the primary studies included in the meta-analysis. While theory suggests that transformational leadership is associated with higher levels of performance from followers, prior meta-analyses have provided limited information about the size of this relationship. Thus, the first purpose of our article is to provide a more precise estimate of the relationship between transformational leadership and follower individual performance and to examine the generalizability of this relationship across settings. Second, when Bass (1985) initially suggested that transformational leadership motivates followers to perform â€Å"beyond expectations,† researchers were only beginning to differentiate between various types of performance criteria (Austin Villanova, 1992). Thus, the exact meaning of â€Å"performance beyond expectations† was not clearly specified. On one hand, transformational leadership may motivate followers to work harder, exerting more effort than would be expected from transactional leadership and resulting in higher levels of task performance. On the other hand, Podsakoff, MacKenzie, and Bommer (1996) have proposed that transformational leadership motivates followers to go beyond the minimum requirements of their job descriptions, resulting in higher levels of contextual performance. Finally, the focus of transformational leaders on challenging the status quo suggests that performance beyond expectations may result in higher levels of creativity and innovation among followers. Despite the fact that primary studies have examined the relationship of transformational leadership with task, contextual, and creative performance, none of the prior meta-analyses on transformational leadership have estimated the magnitude of these relationships. Thus, the second purpose of our meta-analysis is to investigate the relative impact of transformational leadership on follower task, contextual, and creative performance. Third, transformational leadership theory suggests that transformational leadership is related not only to individual follower performance but also to erformance at the group and organization levels (Bass, 1985; Conger Kanungo, 1998; Shamir, House, Arthur, 1993). However, no previous meta-analysis has provided a comparison of the relationship of transformational leadership with performance at all three levels. DeGroot et al. (2000) provided initial evidence that transformational leadership is positively related to team performance, but this analysis was based on a limited number of primary studies on team performance (k = 7). Judge and Piccolo (2004) identified a larger number of primary studies examining the relationship between transformational leadership and performance at the group and organizational levels (k = 41), but they combined these studies in Downloaded from gom. sagepub. com at PORTLAND STATE UNIV on December 5, 2012 Wang et al. 229 their meta-analysis, reporting the relationship between transformational leadership and group/organization performance. However, individual, group, and organization performance is likely influenced by different factors and through different mechanisms (Dansereau, Cho, Yammarino, 2006). As a result, the magnitude of the relationships of transformational leadership with performance at the three levels of analysis may differ (Yammarino et al. , 2005). Thus, a third purpose of our study is to estimate and compare the relationship of transformational leadership with individual, group, and organization performance. Finally, one of the most interesting theoretical claims of Bass (1997) is that transformational leadership has one-way augmentation effects over transactional leadership. That is, transformational leadership is hypothesized to predict follower performance beyond the effects of transactional leadership. Yet this proposition has not been systematically examined in predicting follower performance across performance criteria and levels of analysis. A small number of primary studies by Bass and his colleagues (Bass, Avolio, Jung, Berson, 2003; Howell Avolio, 1993) examined and found support for the augmentation effects at the group and organizational levels. Furthermore, Judge and Piccolo (2004) showed that transformational leadership had an augmentation effect on employee attitudes over contingent reward but no effect on leader job performance, suggesting the existence of possible boundary conditions of the augmentation hypothesis. Judge and Piccolo did not test the augmentation hypothesis for follower performance. Accordingly, the generalizability of the augmentation effect remains unclear across levels of analysis and across various performance criteria (task and contextual performance). Thus, the fourth purpose of our research, testing the generalizability of the augmentation effect, will allow us to not only test the overall validity of transformational leadership but also potentially make critical refinements to the theory. In sum, after decades of research on transformational leadership, the number of primary studies that link transformational leadership and performance is sufficient to allow us to better understand this relationship across criterion type and levels of analysis. This research has the potential to clarify the precise ways in which transformational leadership impacts performance and may increase the practical utility of transformational leadership theory (Corley Gioia, 2011). Moreover, by comparing the relative effects of transformational and transactional leadership on different types and levels of performance, we can learn more about how these two types of leadership may work together to facilitate both effective performance across types and levels. Downloaded from gom. sagepub. com at PORTLAND STATE UNIV on December 5, 2012 30 Group Organization Management 36(2) Hypotheses Transformational Leadership and Follower Performance at the Individual Level According to Bass (1985), transformational leaders exhibit four primary behaviors. First, through the behavior of inspirational motivation, transformational leaders develop and articulate a shared vision and high expectations that are motivating, inspiring, and challenging. Second, transformati onal leaders exhibit the behavior of idealized influence, serving as a role model by acting in ways that are consistent with the articulated vision. Third, transformational leaders intellectually stimulate their followers to challenge existing assumptions and solicit followers’ suggestions and ideas. Finally, through the behavior of individualized consideration, transformational leaders attend to the needs of their followers and treat each follower as a unique individual, thereby fostering feelings of trust in and satisfaction with the leader (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman, Fetter, 1990). Taken together, these transformational leadership behaviors are expected to motivate followers to perform at higher levels.